Paper: GS-II, Subject: International Relations(I), Subject Code: I02, Topic : India and its neighborhood, Issue : China used the India-Pakistan conflict to test weapons via Pakistan.
Context:
During Operation Sindoor, India’s Deputy Chief of Army Staff alleged that China used the India-Pakistan conflict as a “live lab” to test weapons supplied to Pakistan, giving real-time inputs on Indian deployments. He highlighted Chinese, Pakistani, and Turkish cooperation, stressing the need for India to develop a robust air defence system.
Key Takeaways:
India-China Relations:
- Long, contested border (LAC).
- History of clashes (e.g., 1962 war, Galwan 2020).
- Ongoing disengagement talks in Ladakh.
India-Pakistan Conflict:
- Legacy of partition, four wars.
- Regular ceasefire violations along LoC.
- Use of proxies and asymmetric warfare.
China-Pakistan Axis:
- Strategic cooperation, CPEC under BRI.
- Military support including arms sales, joint exercises.
- “All-weather” partnership.
Defence Preparedness:
- Need for indigenous capability.
- Integrated Air Defence System.
- Importance of supply chain resilience.
Triangular Threat:
- Operation Sindoor revealed India facing three adversaries simultaneously—Pakistan as the frontline actor, with China and Türkiye offering critical support.
China’s Strategy:
- Used Pakistan conflict as “live lab” to test supplied weapons.
- Shared intelligence on Indian deployments.
- Reflects the “borrowed knife” stratagem from China’s classic 36 Stratagems—using a proxy to harm India indirectly.
Intelligence and Supply Dependence:
- Pakistan is heavily reliant on Chinese military hardware (81% in recent years).
- China’s support extended to real-time operational inputs.
Defence Lessons:
- Need for robust air defence system against drone swarms.
- Secure indigenous supply chains; avoid over-dependence on foreign suppliers.
- Strengthen multi-domain awareness and rapid deployment capability.
Diplomatic Complexity:
- Even as India engages diplomatically with China (e.g., disengagement in Ladakh), underlying security competition persists.
- Highlights dual-track approach: managing border tensions while preparing militarily.
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