Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: Global Issues, Issue: Thailand-Cambodia Conflict.
Context:
The recent ceasefire agreement between Thailand-Cambodia, mediated by Malaysia, following days of deadly fighting.
- It delves into the historical roots of the conflict, focusing on the century-old border dispute and the underlying cultural tensions that fuel the animosity between the two Southeast Asian neighbors.
Key Takeaways:
Thailand – Cambodia Border Disputes:
What is happening between Cambodia and Thailand?
- Cambodia and Thailand are involved in military clashes along their shared border.
- Both countries have downgraded their diplomatic ties and Thailand has closed its border to Cambodia.
- Cambodia has also imposed economic measures, such as suspending imports of various goods.
Why are these two countries fighting?
- The conflict originates from a long-standing territorial dispute, mainly over ancient Hindu temples and sections of their border.
- The roots of this problem go back to the early 20th century when France, as the colonial power in Cambodia, drew a map in 1907 that Thailand disputes.
- This map placed certain areas, including the Preah Vihear Temple, within Cambodian territory.
What are the main disputed temples involved in this conflict?
- Prasat Ta Muen Thom Temple: Ancient Khmer Hindu temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, built in the 11th century under King Udayadityavarman II.
- It is located on a mountain pass in the Dangrek Mountains, a range forming part of the border between Cambodia and Thailand.
- It is part of a larger complex of three structures, including Prasat Ta Muen (a Buddhist site and rest house) and Prasat Ta Muen Tot (a hospital shrine).
- Both countries claim ownership of this site, and recent clashes started here.
- Preah Vihear Temple: Dedicated to Lord Shiva, located on top of a cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains in Cambodia.
- It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The dispute over Preah Vihear is centered on the disputed 1907 map.
Post – Ceasefire Peace and Measures for Lasting Stability:
By implementing these measures, Cambodia and Thailand can move beyond the cycle of conflict and build a lasting peace based on mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation. The involvement of regional and international actors is crucial to support these efforts and ensure a stable and prosperous future for both nations.
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