Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India Relations with Other Nations, Issue: India–Brazil Relations.
Context:
During President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s visit to New Delhi, India and Brazil concluded several agreements, notably including a pact on cooperation in the rare earth sector.
Key Takeaways:
India–Brazil Bilateral Relationship:
- India and Brazil share a long-standing partnership based on democratic values, South-South cooperation, and multilateral engagement.
- Diplomatic relations were established in 1948.
- Strategic partnership covering trade, defence, energy, and global governance.
- Both countries are key members of major multilateral groupings such as BRICS, G20, IBSA (India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum), and BASIC (climate negotiations grouping).
- They advocate reform of global institutions, including the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), and support a multipolar world order.
Trade and Economic Relations:
- Brazil is India’s largest trading partner in Latin America. Bilateral trade has fluctuated between $12-15 billion in recent years.
- India’s exports to Brazil: Organic Chemicals, Diesel oil, pharmaceuticals and chemicals, engineering goods including auto components and mechanical and electrical equipment, apparel and textile products, Iron and Steel (and products), Plastic, Ceramic, etc.
- India’s imports from Brazil: Crude oil, soya oil, Gold, raw sugar, Asbestos, copper ores, iron ores, Manganese, Kidney beans, Cowpeas, valves, motor pumps, etc.
Defence and Strategic Cooperation:
- India and Brazil cooperate in defence production, technology sharing, and maritime security.
- Both nations support peaceful dispute resolution and multilateralism.
- Global Coordination: As major Global South democracies, they regularly align their positions at the UN, WTO, and G20.
Energy and Climate Cooperation:
- Brazil is a global leader in renewable energy, particularly biofuels – India has expanded solar and green energy initiatives.
- Both countries have cooperated in the Global Biofuels Alliance, announced in 2023.
President Lula’s India visit strengthened bilateral ties, promoted unity against tariff pressures, and emphasized Global South cooperation, with new agreements signaling deeper trade collaboration and enhanced collective bargaining power globally.
Source: (The Indian Express, The Hindu)
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