Paper: GS – III, Subject: Internal Security, Topic: Left wing Extremism, Issue: Decline of Maoist Movement.
Context:
Recently, Senior Maoist leader Mallojula Venugopal Rao (Sonu), surrender with 60 cadres in Gadchiroli deals a major blow to the insurgency and advances India’s goal to end Left-Wing Extremism by 2026.
Key Takeaways:
Background:
What is Naxalism?
- Definition: Naxalism is a form of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) that aims to overthrow the state using violent means, inspired by Maoist ideology.
- Origin: Began in Naxalbari village, West Bengal, in 1967 as a tribal-peasant uprising.
- Ideology: Driven by Marxist-Leninist principles, with a focus on addressing issues like land reforms and exploitation.
- Objective: Establish a People’s Democratic Republic through armed insurgency.
- Affected Regions: Mainly impacts the Red Corridor states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Bihar.
- Activities included extortion, attacks on civilians and state, destruction of infrastructure, and child recruitment.
Maoist Insurgency in 2025 A Movement in Decline:
Current Situation (2025):
- Home Minister Amit Shah has vowed to end insurgency by March 2026.
- In 2025: 270 Naxals killed, 680 arrested, 1,225 surrendered.
- Security forces have killed key leaders like Basvaraj and many Central Committee members. Maoists face shortages of arms, ammunition, and recruits.
Government initiatives to counter Naxalism:
- Security Operations: Deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and anti-Naxal units like Greyhounds and Bastariya Battalion.
- Development Programs: Initiatives like Road Connectivity Project, Aspirational Districts Program, and ROSHNI Scheme.
- Rehabilitation Policies: Surrender and rehabilitation programs to reintegrate former Naxals into society.
- Intelligence Strengthening: Multi-Agency Centers (MACs) and UAV surveillance for real-time intelligence sharing.
- Skill Development: Programs like Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) to provide employment opportunities.
The surrender of Maoist ideologue Sonu marks a historic setback for the CPI (Maoist), weakening its leadership and operational strength, and strengthens India’s efforts to eradicate Left-Wing Extremism and restore peace in affected areas.
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