Paper: GS – III, Subject: Indian Economy, Topic: Banking and Financial Intermediaries, Issue: Stablecoins.
Context:
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman hinted at a shift in India’s cryptocurrency policy, stressing that nations must prepare to engage with stablecoins despite differing acceptance.
Key Takeaways:
What are Stablecoins?
- They aim to minimize price volatility, making them suitable for transactions and as a store of value within the volatile cryptocurrency market.

India’s Cryptocurrency Policy:
- Reservations about Private Cryptocurrencies: Both the Finance Ministry and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have expressed concerns about private cryptocurrencies (virtual digital assets).
- Taxation, Not Legalization: India taxes transactions involving virtual digital assets but has not legalized them through regulation.
- Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): Simultaneously, the RBI is piloting its own Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), which has legal backing as official currency.
Implications:
- Possible Policy Shift: Signals a move from rejection towards constructive engagement with cryptocurrencies.
- Recognition of Global Trends: Acknowledges the transformative role of stablecoins and the need to adapt.
- Balancing Innovation and Risk: India must leverage benefits while addressing risks of unregulated assets.
- Strategic Independence: Emphasizes India’s need for its own regulatory and innovation framework.
Key Considerations for India:
- Regulatory Framework: Create comprehensive rules for consumer protection, stability, and anti–money laundering.
- CBDC Development:Â Prioritize development of a central bank digital currency as a safe, regulated option.
- International Cooperation: Work with global partners to establish cross-border regulatory standards.
- Innovation and Adoption: Encourage responsible innovation and sustainable adoption of crypto technologies.
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