Pakistan–Afghanistan Relations: From Allies to War

Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India and its neighborhood, Issue: Pakistan–Afghanistan Relations.

Context:

Pakistan’s Defence Minister Khawaja Asif declared “open war” after cross-border strikes between Pakistan and Taliban-ruled Afghanistan.

  • Pakistan carried out airstrikes in Kabul, Kandahar and Paktia following attacks on its border posts.
Deadly Cross-Border Fighting

Key Takeaways:

Historical Alliance:

  • Taliban relied on Pakistan’s support during insurgency against U.S. forces. (2001-2021)
  • Pakistan viewed Taliban as vehicle to extend influence and counter India’s presence in Afghanistan
  • Pakistan believed Taliban’s return would restore “strategic depth” in South-Central Asia
Three Core Challenges: Pakistan–Afghanistan Relations

Broader Implications:

  • Regional instability in South-Central Asia
  • Refugee and humanitarian crisis risk
  • Increased militancy spillover
  • China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) security concerns
  • India’s cautious strategic opportunity

Pakistan’s support to the Afghan Taliban was rooted in strategic depth calculations. However, Taliban nationalism, the TTP insurgency, and India’s renewed engagement have reshaped regional dynamics. The former allies are now locked in a volatile security confrontation.

Source: (The Indian Express, The Hindu)

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