Paper: GS – I, Subject: History – Art and Culture, Topic: Art & Architecture, Issue: About Sarnath.
Context:
Sarnath, near Varanasi, is among the holiest Buddhist sites, where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment.
- Rich with stupas, monasteries, and the Ashokan pillar that inspired India’s national emblem, Sarnath has long been on UNESCO’s tentative list of World Heritage Sites.
- Recently, as part of its nomination for the 2025–26 World Heritage cycle, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has undertaken efforts to correct colonial distortions in historical plaques.
The move seeks to acknowledge local contributions, particularly those of Babu Jagat Singh, and to project India’s heritage through an indigenous lens.
Key Takeaways:
About Sarnath:
- Location: It is situated near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
- Historical Significance: In Sarnath Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon, known as the Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta (Setting in Motion the Wheel of Dharma), after attaining enlightenment.
- This event marks the beginning of the Buddhist Sangha (monastic community).
Cultural Importance:
- Sarnath is one of the four most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage sites, alongside Bodh Gaya, Lumbini, and Kushinagar, and served as a major centre for Buddhist learning and dissemination, closely linked to ancient transnational pilgrimage routes and cultural exchanges. It reflects the interplay of Mauryan, Kushan, and Gupta architectural styles.
| What are UNESCO World Heritage Sites? About: UNESCO World Heritage Sites are locations of exceptional cultural or natural significance, officially designated under the World Heritage Convention, 1972 for their value to all humanity.India ratified the Convention in 1977, joining 195 other countries in this global commitment.World Heritage Convention, 1972: Under the Convention, each State Party can nominate only one site per year for inscription on the World Heritage List. India currently ranks 6th globally and 2nd in the Asia-Pacific in terms of the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and has 62 sites on its Tentative List.Nodal Agency: The ASI is the nodal agency for all World Heritage matters in India. |
Key Monuments and Structures at Sarnath:
- Dhamek Stupa: Built in 500 CE to commemorate Buddha’s first sermon.
- Ashokan Pillar: Erected by Emperor Ashoka with an edict; originally topped with the Lion Capital, now India’s national emblem.
- Chaukhandi Stupa: Commemorates the spot where Buddha met his first disciples.
- Mulagandha Kuti Vihar: Modern temple built by the Mahabodhi Society, housing frescoes depicting Buddha’s life.
- Sarnath Archaeological Museum: Houses important artefacts, including the original Lion Capital of Ashoka. Source: DC
Sarnath: UNESCO nomination and corrected heritage narrative:
The corrected plaque at Sarnath reflects India’s effort to decolonise heritage by crediting local custodians, reinforcing its Buddhist legacy, national identity, and soft power. Recognising indigenous contributions enhances authenticity, cultural pride, and global recognition of India as the “Land of Buddha.”
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