Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: Global Issues, Issue: Sudan Crisis.
Context:
The Sudan crisis since 2023 is driven by a power struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), built on long-standing political instability, ethnic fault lines, and competition for scarce resources.
Key Takeaways:
- This has produced a brutal civil war, a severe humanitarian collapse, and one of the largest displacement crises in recent history.
| About Sudan: Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a Northeast African nation currently engulfed in a civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) led by Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) led by Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti). Capital: The national capital is Khartoum. Neighbouring Nations: Sudan shares borders with Egypt (north), Libya (northwest), Chad (west), Central African Republic (southwest), South Sudan (south), Ethiopia and Eritrea (southeast), and has a coastline along the Red Sea (east). |
Tussle between Army and RSF:
- Soon after the 2021 coup, relations between the military and the RSF deteriorated.
RSF was formed in 2013, and has been accused of human rights abuses, including the massacre of more than 120 protesters in June 2019. - Burhan and Dagalo disagree over how the 10,000-strong RSF should be integrated into the army, and which authority should oversee that process.
Other fault lines
- Another point of contention is the pursuit of justice over allegations of war crimes by the
military and its allies in the conflict in Darfur from 2003.
Structural Factors and Humanitarian Crisis in Sudan:
Sudan’s war reflects deep political and ethnic fractures, collapsing institutions and worsening famine. Without strong diplomacy and humanitarian action, the country risks long-term instability and global neglect.
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