Paper: GS – III, Subject: Science and Technology, Topic: Fourth Industrial Revolution Technology, Issue: Threat of GPS interference.
Context:
The growing threat of GPS interference, including jamming and spoofing, to global air and sea transportation.
The Rising Threat of GPEleS Interference
- Recent incidents, such as a Delhi-Jammu flight being forced to turn back, tanker collisions in the Strait of Hormuz, and a container ship running aground near Jeddah, underscore the increasing threat of GPS interference to global air and sea transportation.
Key Takeaways:
Prevalence of GPS Interference Increasing:
- Incidents: Reports indicate up to 700 daily GPS spoofing incidents globally in 2024.
- Windward’s Q1 2025 data shows a 350% rise in spoofing incidents in the Red Sea compared to 2024.
- Common Locations: Most often occurs in countries with advanced electronic warfare capabilities and involved in active conflicts.
- Regions with high conflict, such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and Eastern Europe, are particularly vulnerable.
- Causes: Electromagnetic radiation from nearby devices.
- Adverse atmospheric conditions like ionospheric disturbances.
- Solar activity (such as flares).
Dangers and Mitigation of GPS Interferences:
Innovations and Developments:
Diversification Strategy: Using multiple navigation systems is crucial for reducing susceptibility to GPS interference.
- Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Development: The Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) was developed to provide precise positioning services within India and beyond.
- Historical Context: NavIC was born out of necessity, especially highlighted during critical military operations where reliance on GPS was denied or interrupted.
The threat of GPS interference to global air and sea transportation is a growing concern, necessitating robust mitigation strategies. These include the use of alternative navigation systems, diversification of GNSS, and the development of indigenous solutions like NavIC to enhance resilience against cyber-attacks on GPS signals.
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