106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023

Why in News?

The Supreme Court termed women as the “largest minority” in India while hearing a plea challenging the delay in implementing the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam). The Court questioned why women’s reservation is being held back till Census and delimitation.

Description:

• History:
  • Women Reservation Bill first introduced in 1996.
  • Multiple attempts made in 1996, 1998, 1999 & 2008 → lapsed earlier due to Lok Sabha dissolution.
  • Finally passed by both Houses in 2023.
• Objective:
  • Enhance women’s political participation + representation.
  • Address structural gender gaps in politics.
• Purpose:
  • Provides 33% reservation for women in Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and Delhi Legislative Assembly.
• Bill Name: Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam.
• When will it be implemented?
  • Only after:
    • Decennial Census
    • Subsequent Delimitation (This is a major prelims trap point)
• New Articles Inserted / Amended:
  • Article 330A → One-third reservation for women in Lok Sabha (including SC/ST reserved seats).
  • Article 332A → One-third reservation in State Assemblies (including SC/ST seats).
  • Article 239AA → Reservation in Legislative Assembly of Delhi.
  • Article 334A → Provides for post-delimitation implementation + 15-year sunset clause (can be extended) + rotation of seats.
• Not applicable to:
  • Rajya Sabha
  • State Legislative Councils

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