Context
A new report by Earth Insight and the World Commission on Protected Areas warns that the world is falling behind in achieving the 30×30 biodiversity target by 2030. It highlights that oil, gas and mining activities threaten millions of hectares of protected ecosystems, undermining global conservation efforts.
Explanation
- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to conserve biodiversity, promote sustainable use and ensure fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
- Under the CBD, the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) was adopted at COP15 in 2022.
- The “30 x 30” target of the framework aims to effectively conserve at least 30% of terrestrial, inland water, coastal and marine areas by 2030.
- Conservation involves Protected Areas and Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECMs), which conserve biodiversity outside formally designated protected areas.
- Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are sites important for the global persistence of biodiversity.
- The report identifies 62 million hectares of protected and conserved areas overlapping oil and gas blocks and 43 million hectares overlapping mining concessions.
- Effective conservation requires ecological protection and participation of Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
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