Context:
The Assam Assembly has passed a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill to regulate matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, live-in relationships and related civil issues. The Bill has generated debate because of concerns over exemptions for tribal communities and the relationship between uniform law and customary practices.
- Uniform Civil Code (UCC) means a common set of personal laws for citizens in matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption and succession.
- It is mentioned under Article 44 of the Constitution as a Directive Principle of State Policy, asking the State to endeavour to secure a UCC.
- The Assam Legislative Assembly passed the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, 2026 on May 27, 2026, making it the third state in India to adopt such legislation (After Uttarakhand and Gujarat).
- The bill mandates a common civil framework for marriage, divorce, succession, and live-in relationships, with a key focus on prohibiting polygamy and establishing gender-equal inheritance rights.
Key Features of the Assam UCC Bill, 2026
- Polygamy Ban: Prohibits polygamy with up to 7 years of imprisonment.
- Mandatory Registration: Compulsory registration of marriages and divorces within 60 days.
- Live-in Relationships: Mandatory registration of live-in relationships within one month.
- Marriage Age: Sets the uniform legal age for marriage at 21 years for men and 18 years for women.
- Inheritance: Ensures equal property rights for sons, daughters, and spouses.
- Exclusion of Scheduled Tribes (STs): The Bill explicitly excludes Scheduled Tribes to respect their customary laws and protect constitutional rights.
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Assam Uniform Civil Code and Tribal Exemptions