Context
Despite being one of India’s leading states in rooftop solar adoption under the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana.

Explanation
- Kerala continues to face power shortages, particularly during evening peak hours. The mismatch between daytime solar generation and nighttime electricity demand highlights the need for large-scale energy storage.
- Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity only during daylight, creating the challenge of intermittency and diurnal variation in power supply.
- Rooftop solar is a distributed renewable energy source that feeds surplus electricity into the grid through net metering/gross metering mechanisms, depending on state regulations.
- Electricity demand often peaks in the evening (peak load) when solar generation is negligible, leading to a duck curve and dependence on conventional power or market purchases.
- Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) store excess daytime solar energy for use during peak demand, improving grid stability, renewable energy integration, and reducing curtailment.
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