Context:
A new international study published in Nature Metabolism found that higher Body Mass Index (BMI) is linked to increased risk of 19 types of cancer. The findings are important as obesity is rising globally and is considered a major modifiable risk factor.
Explanation:
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple measure of body fat based on a person’s weight and height.
- It is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared (kg/m²).
- Obesity refers to excessive body fat accumulation that can harm health.
- Excess body fat may increase cancer risk by disturbing insulin levels, oestrogen levels, metabolism and immune functions.
- It can also cause chronic inflammation, which may support abnormal cell growth.
- The study linked higher BMI with cancers such as endometrial cancer, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, gallbladder cancer, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, bladder cancer and glioma.
- Obesity-related cancer risks may vary by sex, geography, ethnicity and cancer type.
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