Context:
Over 400 labourers, including nearly 100 children, were rescued from brick kilns in Nizamabad, Telangana, after allegations of bondage-like working conditions, wage denial, confinement and abuse. The incident highlights persistent challenges of bonded labour, migrant worker exploitation and child labour in informal sectors.
- Article 23 of the Constitution prohibits trafficking in human beings, begar and forced labour; any violation is punishable by law.
- Article 24 prohibits employment of children below 14 years in factories, mines and other hazardous employment.
- Article 21 guarantees right to life with dignity, which includes freedom from exploitation and inhuman working conditions.
- Directive Principles such as Article 39(e), Article 39(f), Article 41, Article 42 and Article 43 guide the State to protect workers, children and livelihood dignity.
- The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 abolishes bonded labour, cancels bonded debt and criminalises enforcement of bonded labour.
- The Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 restricts child labour and regulates adolescent labour.
- The Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979 protects migrant workers through registration, wage safeguards and displacement allowance.
- Offences may also involve human trafficking, wrongful confinement, assault and sexual offences under criminal law.
- Legal response includes identification, rescue, release certificate, rehabilitation assistance, compensation and prosecution of employers or contractors.
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