Context
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) Annual Report states that 7,229 CBI cases under the Prevention of Corruption Act were pending trial as of December 31, 2025, including more than 400 cases pending for over 20 years. The report also highlights delays in investigation, appeals and significant vacancies in the CBI.
Explanation
- The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is India’s premier investigating agency and functions under the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT).
- It derives its investigative powers primarily from the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946 and is not a statutory body created by a separate CBI Act.
- For offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, the CBI investigates corruption involving specified public servants and related offences.
- Under the DSPE Act, the CBI generally requires the consent of the State government to exercise jurisdiction within a State, subject to constitutional courts’ powers to order CBI investigations.
- The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is a statutory body under the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003.
- The CVC exercises superintendence over the CBI in investigations of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act.
- The Lokpal can refer corruption complaints involving specified public functionaries to the CBI for investigation.
- Large pendency and vacancies can weaken the speed and effectiveness of anti-corruption enforcement.
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