Why in News?
CPCB’s 2023 report shows polluted river sites in India dipped slightly to 807 (from 815 in 2022), with polluted river stretches reducing to 296 across 271 rivers. Critically polluted “Priority 1” stretches also declined from 45 to 37, indicating marginal improvement.
Description:
- Constituted in: September 1974
- Legal Basis: Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
- Later empowered under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
- Functions also under provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
- Type: Statutory Body
- Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
- Headquarters: New Delhi
Major Functions:
- Water Pollution Control: Promote cleanliness of streams, wells, prevent and control water pollution.
- Air Pollution Control: Improve quality of air; prevent, control, and abate air pollution.
- Advisory Role: Advises Central Govt. on air and water pollution matters.
- Coordination: Coordinates activities of State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs); assists in conflict resolution.
- Union Territories: Exercises powers of SPCBs for UTs.
Standard Development Functions:
- Formulates Environmental Standards (ambient air, water, noise, emissions, effluents).
- Develops Minimal National Standards (MINAS) for industries – for effluent discharge, emissions, noise, and solid waste.
- Issues guidelines, manuals, and codes for pollution control in industrial sectors.
- Standards framed for:
- National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
- Water Quality Criteria
- Emission/Discharge Standards under Environment Protection Rules, 1986
- Bio-medical waste treatment
- Noise limits for diesel engines, LPG/CNG gensets
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