Why in News?
Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan urged Tamil Nadu to accept the Centre’s MoU for Samagra Shiksha funds, which includes adopting the three-language formula. He said political priorities should not override students’ interests, amid the State’s resistance citing its two-language policy.
Description:
Launch & Background:
- Launched: 2018 by the Ministry of Education (then MHRD).
- Integrated Schemes:
- Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) – elementary education.
- Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) – secondary education.
- Teacher Education (TE) – teacher training & quality improvement.
- Aim: Holistic, equitable, inclusive education from pre-primary to Class 12.
- Recently expanded & realigned with:
- Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-4): Quality Education.
- National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 priorities.
Vision:
- Inclusive, equitable education → “no child left behind”.
- Close socio-economic, regional, and gender gaps.
- Improve quality, infrastructure, teacher training, digital tools, and learning outcomes.
Objectives:
- Universal access & equity from preschool to senior secondary.
- Improve quality & outcomes through an integrated framework.
- Strengthen teacher education via SCERTs, DIETs.
- Digital learning push: ICT labs, smart classrooms, DIKSHA platform.
- NIPUN Bharat (2021): Focus on Foundational Literacy & Numeracy (ages 3–9).
- Promote girls’ education (KGBVs expanded till Class 12, stipends, self-defence training).
- Inclusive education: Scholarships & materials for Children with Special Needs (CwSN).
- Introduce vocational training from Class 6 onwards.
- Integrate sports & physical education (linked to Khelo India).
- Focus on EBBs, LWE-affected, border & aspirational districts.
Key Features:
- Coverage: 1.16 million schools, 15.6 crore students, 57 lakh teachers.
- Funding Pattern: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
- General States/UTs with legislature: 60:40 (Centre:State).
- NE & Himalayan States: 90:10.
- UTs without legislature: 100% Centre.
- Flexibility for States: Need-based planning & localized interventions.
- Samagra Shiksha 2.0: Enhanced focus on accountability, data-driven governance, marginalised groups, infrastructure (classrooms, labs, toilets, libraries).
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