Context
Recently, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), following its periodic review of India, expressed concern over alleged human-rights violations affecting Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Rohingya refugees and other vulnerable groups. It called for investigation, accountability and measures against racial discrimination and hate crimes.
Explanation
- The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a legally binding UN human-rights treaty, adopted in 1965 and effective from 1969.
- India is a State Party to ICERD and is therefore subject to periodic review of its implementation.
- The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) monitors implementation of ICERD by States Parties.
- It consists of 18 independent experts serving in their personal capacity, rather than as representatives of governments.
- States Parties submit periodic reports, which the Committee examines before issuing concluding observations and recommendations.
- ICERD addresses discrimination based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin.
- CERD is a treaty-monitoring body, not a principal organ of the United Nations or a judicial court.
- The broader UN human-rights framework also includes treaty bodies monitoring conventions concerning women, children, torture and persons with disabilities.
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CERD Review of India: Rights and Accountability