Context:
Colour blindness is a common but often unnoticed vision condition in which a person cannot clearly distinguish certain colours, especially red and green. The issue is important for India because many people remain undiagnosed, affecting learning, daily activities and colour-based communication.
- Colour blindness is not complete blindness; it is difficulty in distinguishing specific colours.
- The most common form is red-green colour blindness.
- It is often a genetic condition linked to the X chromosome.
- Since men have only one X chromosome, they are more likely to be affected than women.
- Colour vision depends on cone cells in the retina, which detect different wavelengths of light.
- Apart from genetics, colour vision problems may also occur due to diabetes, glaucoma, cataract, retinal diseases, optic nerve disease, brain injury, ageing or certain medicines.
- It can affect traffic signal recognition, academic performance, colour-coded charts, ripe fruit identification and clothing choices.
- There is no permanent cure for genetic colour blindness, but colour-filter glasses, apps, patterns and labels can help.
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