Context
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast the formation of Cyclone Arnab over the Bay of Bengal, with possible landfall near north Andhra Pradesh and south Odisha on October 28, 2026. The cyclone, named by Bangladesh, is expected to bring strong winds, rough seas and heavy rainfall along India’s eastern coast.
Explanation
- Tropical cyclones are intense low-pressure systems forming over warm tropical oceans, accompanied by strong rotating winds and heavy rainfall.
- They generally require sea surface temperatures above 26.5°C, abundant moisture, low vertical wind shear and sufficient Coriolis force.
- Cyclones intensify through the release of latent heat when warm, moist air rises and condenses, further lowering atmospheric pressure.
- The Bay of Bengal experiences more cyclones than the Arabian Sea, partly due to favourable oceanic and atmospheric conditions.
- The North Indian Ocean has two major cyclone seasons: pre-monsoon (April–June) and post-monsoon (October–December).
- Under IMD classification, systems intensify from low-pressure area- depression- deep depression- cyclonic storm (62–88 km/h sustained winds).
- Cyclones in the North Indian Ocean are named by RSMC New Delhi, using names proposed by WMO/ESCAP Panel member countries.
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