Context:
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), in collaboration with CERT-In, CSIRT-Fin, and SISA, has released the second edition of the Digital Threat Report 2025–26 for India’s Banking, Financial Services, Insurance (BFSI), and payments ecosystem.

Explanation:
- The BFSI (Banking, Financial Services and Insurance) sector is part of India’s Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) and is increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats due to rapid digitalisation.
- The report identifies AI asymmetry, where attackers exploit Artificial Intelligence (AI) faster than defenders, enabling large-scale phishing, credential theft, deepfakes, social engineering, cloud exploitation, and supply-chain attacks.
- It introduces the 4-Layer Gap Archetype Framework, which analyses cyber breaches as a sequence of systemic failures rather than isolated incidents.
- CERT-In, designated under the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008, is India’s national agency for responding to cyber security incidents.
- CSIRT-Fin is the sectoral Computer Security Incident Response Team for the financial sector, coordinating cyber incident prevention and response across banking, insurance, securities, and pension entities.
- The report recommends continuous risk assessment, threat intelligence sharing, Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR), Zero Trust Architecture, AI-enabled defence, and stronger cyber resilience to secure India’s digital financial ecosystem.
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