Context
Indian Railways has launched its first dual-fuel DEMU train capable of operating on both diesel and liquefied natural gas (LNG). The move aims to lower fuel costs and emissions while retaining operational flexibility on non-electrified or low-traffic routes.
Explanation
- DEMU stands for Diesel Electric Multiple Unit; unlike conventional trains, it does not require a separate locomotive.
- In a DEMU, a diesel engine generates electricity, which powers traction motors that move the train.
- The new train uses a dual-fuel configuration, with about 40% LNG and 60% diesel during normal operation.
- It can revert to 100% diesel operation when required, ensuring reliability where LNG supply is unavailable.
- LNG generally produces lower particulate matter, sulphur oxides and carbon emissions than conventional diesel.
- Despite near-total railway electrification, DEMUs remain useful on low-density branch lines, non-electrified stretches and operational backup routes.
- LNG conversion also allows Railways to utilise existing diesel assets rather than immediately scrapping them.
- Such trains support the broader goals of energy diversification, emission reduction and asset optimisation.
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