Context:
The Tribal Council in Nicobar has opposed the notification of three wildlife sanctuaries in Little Nicobar, Meroe, and Menchal islands, alleging lack of consultation with indigenous communities. The issue is linked to concerns over tribal rights, cultural practices, and the implementation of the Great Nicobar Island development project.
- Great Nicobar Island is part of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago and is ecologically important due to tropical forests, coral reefs, mangroves, and endemic wildlife.
- The proposed sanctuaries aim to protect species such as the leatherback turtle and Nicobar megapode, which are ecologically sensitive and protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
- The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 recognises traditional forest rights of Scheduled Tribes and forest-dwelling communities over land, resources, and cultural practices.
- Indigenous Nicobarese communities argue that the sanctuary declaration and eco-sensitive zone process lacked prior consultation and informed consent.
- The Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project includes a transshipment port, airport, township, and power infrastructure with strategic and economic significance.
- The issue highlights the balance between biodiversity conservation, tribal rights, environmental governance, and strategic development in island ecosystems.
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