Why in News?
Global Plastic Treaty Talks Resume in Geneva- Over 190 countries resumed negotiations on the Global Plastics Treaty in Geneva to curb plastic pollution. Talks aim to create a legally binding framework covering production, chemicals, and waste management, amid rising global plastic production and health concerns.
Description:
- Initiated by: United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA)
- Year of Initiation: 2022
- Nature: Legally binding international treaty under negotiation
- Goal: To end plastic pollution by 2040 through full lifecycle management of plastics
Objectives:
- Reduce plastic production globally
- Promote recycling, reuse, and sustainable alternatives
- Regulate hazardous chemicals used in plastics
- Ban open dumping and burning of plastic waste
- Transition to a circular economy
Why Needed?
- Plastic production: 234 million tonnes (2000) → 460 million tonnes (2019) → Projected 700 million tonnes by 2040
- Only ~10% of plastic waste recycled
- Environmental Impact:
- Marine and terrestrial pollution
- Microplastics harm wildlife and humans
- Health Concerns:
- Microplastics in water, food, air
- Economic Costs:
- Losses to tourism, fisheries, clean-up expenses
- GHG emissions: Plastics contributed 3.6% of global GHGs in 2020
- Implemented:
- Ban on 19 single-use plastic items (2022)
- Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policy
- Plastic Waste Management Rules, biodegradable packaging rules
- Mandatory Jute Packaging Act (2010)
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