Hayli Gubbi Volcano Eruption – Ethiopia

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Why in News?

The Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia’s Afar Region erupted after nearly 10,000–12,000 years of dormancy. The eruption sent ash plumes up to ~14 km into the sky. Ash drifted across the Red Sea → Yemen → Oman and eventually reached parts of India. India’s DGCA asked airlines to avoid ash-affected routes and altitudes.

Description:

Location & Physical Setting:

  • Country: Ethiopia
  • Region: Afar Region (part of the Afar/Danakil Depression).
  • The area is a triple junction where the African, Somali and Arabian plates diverge.
  • Hayli Gubbi is the southernmost part of the Erta Ale volcanic range.

Key Facts about Hayli Gubbi Volcano:

  • Type: Shield volcano (broad, gentle slopes formed by basaltic lava).
  • Dormancy: No eruption for ~10,000 years before 2025.
  • Spread of ash: Moved over the Red Sea, Arabian Peninsula, and drifted towards India. Ash first entered India through Rajasthan, spreading into northern & eastern India.

Glossary:

  • Shield Volcano: Broad, gently sloping volcano built by free-flowing basaltic lava.
  • Dormant Volcano: Has not erupted for a long time but can erupt again.
  • Afar / Danakil Depression: One of the world’s most tectonically active zones; a rift valley created by diverging plates.
Hayli Gubbi Volcano

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