Context: A recent study (Lancet, WHO data) shows that while India has significantly reduced Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), it is likely to miss the SDG target of reducing MMR below 70 per 1 lakh live births by 2030, with progress slowing in recent years.
- Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) refers to the number of women who die due to pregnancy-related causes per 1 lakh live births. India has reduced MMR sharply from about 508 (in 1990) to around 116 (in 2023), showing major improvement due to better healthcare access, institutional deliveries, and government interventions.
- However, challenges remain. A large number of maternal deaths are still caused by preventable factors such as haemorrhage and hypertension. Regional disparities persist, with states like Assam and Uttar Pradesh pulling down the national average. Additionally, slower improvements in recent years and issues in healthcare access, especially in poorer regions, are affecting progress.
- Another concern is that although fertility rates are declining, which usually reduces maternal deaths, gaps in healthcare delivery and quality of care continue to limit further gains.
- India has made significant progress in reducing maternal mortality, but achieving SDG targets requires addressing regional disparities, improving quality healthcare, and tackling preventable causes of maternal deaths.
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