Context
A Lancet Planetary Health study estimates that at 3°C global warming, over 80% of India’s elderly population could experience at least 180 hours of intolerable heat annually. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, including Delhi, is projected to face particularly prolonged heat stress.
Explanation
- Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth’s average temperature, primarily due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
- Warming levels such as 1.5°C, 2°C or 3°C are measured relative to the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900).
- Heat stress occurs when the human body cannot adequately dissipate metabolic and environmental heat, especially under high temperature and humidity.
- Elderly people are more vulnerable because ageing reduces sweating, cardiovascular response and thermoregulation.
- Night-time heat is especially harmful because it limits physiological recovery from daytime exposure.
- The Indo-Gangetic Plain faces enhanced risk due to high temperatures, humidity, dense population and prolonged heat exposure.
- Adaptation measures include Heat Action Plans, heat-health early-warning systems, cooling access, resilient electricity and healthcare preparedness.
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India Heat Stress and Elderly Vulnerability