Context: India’s ethanol production push – highlighted by the PM at Jewar – has gained momentum, with Uttar Pradesh emerging as the largest producer, driven by sugarcane farmers and rising blending targets.
- Ethanol is a biofuel produced mainly from sugarcane (molasses) and used for blending with petrol to reduce crude oil imports and emissions. Since 2017, ethanol production in Uttar Pradesh has increased nearly four-fold due to policy support, higher blending targets, and expansion of distilleries.
- U.P. plays a key role because it has a large sugarcane base (about 50 lakh farmers) and contributes significantly to national production. The ethanol programme also ensures timely payments to farmers, making it economically and politically important.
- The government is also exploring diversification of feedstock (like maize and broken rice) to sustain ethanol supply.
- India’s ethanol blending programme strengthens energy security and farmer incomes, but requires sustainable feedstock management and balanced policy support.
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