Context:
India and Vietnam have agreed to elevate their bilateral ties to an “Enhanced Comprehensive Strategic Partnership,” focusing on defence cooperation, maritime security, trade, connectivity, and supply-chain resilience. The development gains significance amid growing concerns over China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea and the broader Indo-Pacific region.
- India and Vietnam share close historical, cultural, and strategic relations rooted in civilisational and anti-colonial connections.
- Vietnam is an important member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations, which is central to India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific strategy.
- India and Vietnam upgraded ties to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in 2016, especially strengthening defence and maritime cooperation.
- The South China Sea is a strategically important sea route connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans and carries a major share of global trade.
- Both India and Vietnam support freedom of navigation, overflight rights, and peaceful dispute resolution under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982.
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India–Vietnam Partnership in the Indo-Pacific Order