Context:
The Sample Registration System Report 2024 shows that India’s birth rate, death rate and infant mortality rate have declined over the last decade. However, the survey also highlights wide rural–urban and inter-State differences, especially in demographic and health outcomes.
- Sample Registration System (SRS) is conducted by the Registrar General of India to provide estimates of birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate and other demographic indicators.
- Birth rate means the number of live births per 1,000 population in a year.
- Death rate means the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a year.
- Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) means the number of deaths of infants below one year of age per 1,000 live births.
- A fall in birth rate indicates demographic transition, rising education, urbanisation, delayed marriage, lower fertility and better family planning.
- A fall in death rate reflects improved healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, vaccination and disease control.
- A decline in IMR shows progress in maternal and child healthcare, institutional deliveries and neonatal care.
- Rural areas still perform worse than urban areas due to gaps in healthcare access, awareness, nutrition and infrastructure.
- Southern States generally show better demographic indicators, while some northern and eastern States lag behind.
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