Why in News?
The IAEA board censured Iran for not complying with nuclear obligations, prompting Tehran to announce new enrichment plans, escalating regional tensions and leading to U.S. embassy staff movement restrictions.
Description:
- IAEA is the world’s leading intergovernmental organization for scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field
- Promotes the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology
- Supports compliance with global non-proliferation norms
Establishment:
- IAEA Statute approved: 23 October 1956
- Came into force: 29 July 1957
- Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
Membership: 178 member states (as of now)
Legal Status & Role:
- Autonomous organization within the UN system
- Reports to the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council
- Known as the “Atoms for Peace and Development” organization
- Goal: Ensure nuclear energy is not diverted for weapons purposes
Institutional Structure:
- General Conference: All member states; meets annually to set policy and approve budgets
- Board of Governors: 35 members; meets about 5 times a year; approves safeguards, performs statutory functions, appoints Director General
- Secretariat: Led by the Director General; handles daily operations
Key Functions:
- Promotes peaceful uses of nuclear technology
- Implements nuclear safeguards: monitoring, on-site inspections, information analysis, other verification techniques
- Acts as the first line of defense under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
- Strengthens capacity for nuclear/radiological emergency response
- Facilitates scientific cooperation and technical exchange
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