Why in News?
The IAEA chief warned the UN Security Council that an Israeli strike on Iran’s Bushehr nuclear plant could release massive radioactivity, causing a regional catastrophe. Power cuts could trigger a meltdown, prompting mass evacuations and impacting Gulf food and energy security.
Description:
- IAEA is the world’s leading intergovernmental organization for scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field
- Promotes the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology
- Supports compliance with global non-proliferation norms
Establishment:
- IAEA Statute approved: 23 October 1956
- Came into force: 29 July 1957
- Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
Membership: 178 member states (as of now)
⚖ Legal Status & Role:
- Autonomous organization within the UN system
- Reports to the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council
- Known as the “Atoms for Peace and Development” organization
- Goal: Ensure nuclear energy is not diverted for weapons purposes
Institutional Structure
- General Conference: All member states; meets annually to set policy and approve budgets
- Board of Governors: 35 members; meets about 5 times a year; approves safeguards, performs statutory functions, appoints Director General
- Secretariat: Led by the Director General; handles daily operations
Key Functions:
- Promotes peaceful uses of nuclear technology
- Implements nuclear safeguards: monitoring, on-site inspections, information analysis, other verification techniques
- Acts as the first line of defense under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
- Strengthens capacity for nuclear/radiological emergency response
- Facilitates scientific cooperation and technical exchange
The Role of IAEA:
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