Why in News?
The Government has filed a review petition against the Supreme Court’s May 23 ruling to progressively reduce IPS officer deputations in CAPFs within two years, even as the Home Ministry continues such appointments; related matters remain sub judice.
Description:
| Feature | IPS (Indian Police Service) | CAPF (Central Armed Police Forces) |
| Type | All India Service (AIS) | Central Paramilitary Forces (now officially “Central Armed Police Forces”) |
| Constitutional/Statutory Basis | Created under All India Services Act, 1951 (along with IAS & IFoS) | Each force constituted under its own Act of Parliament (e.g., CRPF Act 1949, BSF Act 1968, etc.) |
| Cadre Control Authority | Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), in consultation with State Governments | Ministry of Home Affairs directly controls |
| Recruitment | Through UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) | Through UPSC CAPF (AC) Examination |
| Training Academy | Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (SVPNPA), Hyderabad | Respective force academies (e.g., BSF Academy, CRPF Academy, ITBP Academy, etc.) |
| Posting Jurisdiction | Appointed to State cadres; can be deputed to Central Police Organisations, IB, CBI, CAPFs, etc. | Directly posted in Central Armed Police Forces — can be deployed anywhere in India (border areas, internal security, etc.) |
| Powers | Executive magistracy in law & order, crime investigation, policing | Armed law enforcement, border security, counter-insurgency, anti-terrorism, VIP security, disaster response |
| Forces Included | IPS itself is a service — officers can be posted to various organisations (including deputation to CAPFs) | BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB, Assam Rifles (partly under MHA/Defence) |
| Hierarchy | Probationary IPS → ASP → SP/SSP → DIG → IG → ADG → DGP | Assistant Commandant → Deputy Commandant → Second-in-Command → Commandant → DIG → IG → ADG |
| Nature of Service | Police administration, crime prevention, investigation, policy-level decisions | Primarily operational field service in paramilitary forces |
| Uniform | Khaki uniform with IPS insignia | Distinct uniforms for each CAPF with force insignia |
| Retirement Age | 60 years | 60 years (generally; some variations for specific forces) |
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