Context
Amid concerns over increasing private-sector participation in India’s space programme, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) has clarified that ISRO’s role is not diminishing. ISRO will remain the technological backbone of the sector while industry increasingly undertakes manufacturing and commercial activities.
Explanation
- India opened the space sector to greater private participation in 2020 to expand the national space ecosystem beyond ISRO.
- The Indian Space Policy, 2023 defines complementary roles for ISRO, IN-SPACe, NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) and private entities.
- ISRO, under the Department of Space, increasingly focuses on advanced R&D, new technologies, scientific and strategic missions, and major national space infrastructure.
- IN-SPACe is the single-window autonomous agency that promotes, authorises and supervises space activities of non-government entities.
- ISRO plans to establish the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), its own space station, by 2035.
- ISRO has also set the goal of an Indian crewed lunar landing by 2040, making technologies such as human-rated launch vehicles, docking, life-support systems and long-duration spaceflight increasingly important.
- NSIL, a Central Public Sector Enterprise under the Department of Space, handles the commercialisation of space technologies and services and facilitates industry participation.
- Private industry is expected to increasingly manufacture satellites and mature launch vehicles, enabling an ISRO-led national space ecosystem rather than replacing ISRO.
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