Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019

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The Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 revoked special status under Article 370, reorganising the state into two Union Territories. Explore its provisions, impact, and significance

Description:

Background:

  • Article 370: Granted Jammu & Kashmir special autonomy – its own Constitution, limited applicability of Indian laws, Parliament’s jurisdiction subject to state govt. concurrence.
  • Criticism: Seen as a barrier to integration, contributing to separatism and terrorism, and limiting economic development.

Key Provisions of the Act:

  1. Bifurcation of State:
    1. Jammu & Kashmir → Union Territory (with Legislative Assembly)
    1. Ladakh → Union Territory (without Legislative Assembly)
  2. Legislative Assembly in Jammu & Kashmir:
    1. Provided under Article 239A (like Puducherry).Strength: 107–114 seats (including reserved seats for PoK).
    1. Powers: Can legislate on state list subjects except “public order” & “police”, which remain with the Union Govt.
  3. Governance Structure:
    1. Both UTs are administered by Lieutenant Governor appointed by the President.
    1. The High Court of Jammu & Kashmir has jurisdiction over both UTs.
  4. Representation in Parliament:
    1. Lok Sabha: 5 seats for Jammu & Kashmir, 1 seat for Ladakh.
  5. Legislative Changes:
    1. Abolished Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Council.106 central laws extended to UTs.
    1. 7 state laws amended, 153 state laws repealed.

Aftermath:

  • Security lockdown, curfews, communication restrictions initially to prevent unrest.
  • Resistance from some regional parties; Centre argued it would boost development.
  • Investment & infrastructure projects initiated.
  • First Assembly elections post-reorganisation held in Oct 2024 in J&K.

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