Why in News?
The India Justice Report (IJR) highlighted that over 55% cases before 362 Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) across India were pending as of 31 October 2023. The findings point to serious shortages in staff, infrastructure, legal aid, and data transparency within the juvenile justice system.
Description:
Juvenile Justice Boards:
· Legal Basis: Established under: Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
· Purpose: To adjudicate cases involving Children in Conflict with Law (CCL) — i.e., children alleged or found to have committed offences under IPC or special/local laws.
Composition of a JJB:
- 1 Metropolitan Magistrate / Judicial Magistrate (First Class)
- 2 Social Workers, of whom at least one must be a woman
A Board is considered incomplete if any member is missing.
Functions of JJB:
- Conduct inquiry and pass orders for children accused of offences.
- Ensure a child-friendly judicial process.
- Coordinate with:
- Child Welfare Committees (CWCs)
- District Child Protection Units
- Special Juvenile Police Units (SJPUs)
Powers:
- Can dispose cases for all offences committed by children except those needing trial as adults (for heinous offences under certain conditions).
- Can order: counseling, probation, community service, placement in special homes, rehabilitation.
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