Why in News?
The US deported five immigrants from countries like Vietnam and Cuba to Eswatini, a rare African absolute monarchy. This raised concerns about human rights, political repression, and Eswatini’s controversial role in accepting third-country deportees under U.S. immigration policy.
Description:
- Landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa and Mozambique.
Government:
- Absolute monarchy – The only one in Africa.
- King Mswati III rules with complete executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
- Political parties have been banned since 1973.
Capitals:
- Mbabane – Administrative capital
- Lobamba – Legislative and royal capital
Languages:
- Swazi (siSwati) and English (official languages)
History:
- Formerly known as Swaziland, renamed to Eswatini in 2018 to reflect indigenous identity.
- King Mswati III ascended the throne in 1986 at age 18, succeeding his father Sobhuza II.
Public Health:
- One of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world (~26% of adults).
- Heavily dependent on international health aid (e.g., US PEPFAR funding).
International Relations:
- Member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU).
- Recently accepted third-country deportees from the United States.
Economy:
- Closely linked to South Africa.
- Faces high poverty and unemployment despite natural resources.
- Ranked by World Bank as lower-middle income.
Culture:
- Rich in traditional ceremonies such as:
- Umhlanga (Reed Dance)
- Incwala (First Fruits Festival)
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