Maternal Mortality

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Why in News?

India has recorded a significant decline in Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) alongside a rise in institutional deliveries to 89%, reflecting sustained improvements in maternal and child healthcare delivery.

Description:

Key Terms:

  • Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR): Number of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births.
  • Institutional Delivery: Childbirth occurring in a health facility under trained medical supervision. Institutional delivery ≠ only hospitals; includes CHCs/PHCs with skilled staff.

Data & Trends:

  • Institutional delivery rate: 89% (national level).
  • Outcome: Sharp reduction in MMR due to safer deliveries and timely obstetric care.
  • Preventive care: 12 types of vaccines administered to children under the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP).
  • Primary healthcare reach: ~1.81 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandirs operational nationwide.

Policy & Programmatic Drivers:

  1. Ayushman Bharat Programme:
    1. Health & Wellness Centres (AAMs) for comprehensive primary care.
    1. PM-JAY for secondary/tertiary hospitalisation (indirect maternal care support).
  2. Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): Conditional cash transfers to promote institutional deliveries.
  3. Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA): Assured antenatal care (ANC) on fixed days.
  4. LaQshya Programme: Labour room and maternity OT quality improvement.

Why Institutional Deliveries Reduce MMR:

  • Skilled birth attendants reduce hemorrhage, sepsis, eclampsia risks.
  • Timely referrals and emergency obstetric care.
  • Access to blood banks, neonatal care, and infection control.

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