Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) Report 2023

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Why in News?

The Annual Report on Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD), 2023 released by the Office of the Registrar General of India shows that diseases of the circulatory system remained the leading cause of medically certified deaths in India.

Description:

Top Causes of Medically Certified Deaths (2023):

  • The report tracks deaths where a medical practitioner has certified the underlying cause.
Cause CategoryShare of Deaths (%)Key Components
Diseases of the Circulatory System36.4%Ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive diseases, pulmonary circulation disorders
Diseases of the Respiratory System~9%Pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Neoplasms (Cancers)~5%Malignant and benign tumours

Note: While circulatory diseases remain the top killer, their share dropped from over 40% in 2022 to 36.4% in 2023.

Demographic & Geographic Trends:

  • Age Profile:15+ Years: Circulatory diseases become the leading cause of death across all adult age groups.
    • Elderly: Mortality is highest in the 70+ age bracket, followed by the 55–64 age bracket.
  • Regional Performance: * High Certification (>50%): Delhi, Goa, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar, and Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu.
    • National Average: Only ~22% of all registered deaths in India are “Medically Certified.” This indicates a significant data gap in rural areas.

Critical Insights:

  • Epidemiological Transition: India is shifting from infectious/communicable diseases to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs).
  • Data Integrity: The low percentage of medical certification (~22%) suggests that the “true” cause of death for many Indians (especially in rural settings) remains unrecorded by physicians.
  • Cardio-Pulmonary Dominance: Within circulatory deaths, “Pulmonary circulation disorders” and “Other heart diseases” constitute more than half of the fatalities.

Registrar General of India (RGI):

  • Origin: Set up in 1949; permanent department since 1961.
  • Key Functions:
    • Conducts Population Census. Census Act, 1948.
    • Implements the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969.
    • Compiles the Sample Registration System (SRS) data (Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Rate, etc.).

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