Why in News?
India’s first indigenous mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy entered early human trials. Developed by ImmunoACT, it also holds potential against infectious diseases like Nipah and dengue, marking a breakthrough in personalized treatment and epidemic preparedness using cutting-edge mRNA technology.
Description:
mRNA Vaccines: How They Work
- mRNA vaccines introduce a piece of mRNA that codes for a viral protein, typically found on the virus’s outer membrane.
- Cells use this mRNA to produce the viral protein themselves.
- The immune system recognizes this foreign protein and produces antibodies against it.
- Antibodies remain in the body even after the pathogen is cleared, enabling a faster response upon re-exposure.
- These antibodies bind to and mark the pathogen for destruction, preventing infection or severe illness.
- After vaccination, if exposed to the virus, the immune system can rapidly neutralize it before it causes serious disease.
- The vaccine does not contain the actual virus; it cannot infect the recipient with the virus.
How Are mRNA Vaccines Made?
- Scientists first identify a target protein on the virus’s surface that can trigger an immune response.
- The chosen protein must be distinct from human proteins to avoid attacking the body’s own cells.
- They locate the DNA sequence that codes for this target protein.
- Using the DNA, they manufacture mRNA that carries instructions for making the viral protein.
- Once sufficient mRNA is produced, the DNA is broken down and removed.
- Only the purified mRNA is packaged in the final vaccine.
- This production method allows rapid and large-scale manufacture of mRNA in a short time.
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