Context: Iran is reviewing a possible exit from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) amid escalating geopolitical tensions.
About NPT:
- It is a global treaty to prevent spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful nuclear use. Adopted in 1968; entered into force in 1970.
- Three Pillars: Non-proliferation, disarmament, and peaceful use of nuclear energy.
- Nuclear Weapon States: Recognises 5 states (P5 Countries – US, Russia, UK, France, China) based on 1967 cut-off.
- Withdrawal Clause: Article X allows exit with 3-month notice if supreme national interests are threatened.
- Non-Members & Withdrawal: India, Pakistan, Israel are non-signatories; North Korea withdrew in 2003.
- India not a member of Non-proliferation treaty (NPT), Comprehensive Test-ban Treaty (CTBT), Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).
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