Why in News?
Despite rising tiger numbers under Project Tiger, Madhya Pradesh recorded 55 tiger deaths in 2025—the highest since 1973—mainly due to human-induced causes like electrocution, highlighting enforcement and corridor protection challenges.
Description:
Background: Project Tiger:
- Project Tiger was launched in 1973 to ensure viable populations of Bengal tigers in India.
- It focuses on habitat conservation, anti-poaching, and ecosystem preservation.
- India hosts over 70% of the world’s wild tigers.
Institutional / Administrative Framework:
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
- Statutory authority: National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
- State implementation: State Forest Departments
- Tiger reserves notified under: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
- Scheme type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme
- Funding pattern:
- Core areas: 100% Central assistance
- Buffer areas: 60:40 (Centre:State)
Why Is Madhya Pradesh Critical?
- Known as the “Tiger State of India”
- Houses major reserves like Bandhavgarh, Kanha, Pench, Satpura
- High density increases intra-species conflict and spillover into human landscapes
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