Why in News?
The Registrar General of India (RGI) has asked States to freeze administrative boundary changes by December 31, 2025, to enable the smooth conduct of Census 2027’s first phase—the House Listing and Housing Schedule—planned to begin April 1, 2026.
Description:
- Established: 1949
- Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs
- Position: Registrar General and Ex-Officio Census Commissioner of India
- Rank: Typically, Joint Secretary to Government of India
Key Functions:
- Conducts Census of India (decennial exercise since 1881; post-1949 under RGI).
- Implements Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969.
- Maintains Civil Registration System (CRS) – continuous, real-time registration of births and deaths.
- Conducts Linguistic Survey of India (LSI).
- Manages National Population Register (NPR).
Census of India:
- Provides detailed demographic, socio-economic, and geographic data.
- Last Census completed in 2011.
- 2021 Census delayed due to pandemic, funding priorities, and debates over caste enumeration.
Linguistic Survey of India (LSI):
- Conducted alongside decennial census.
- Documents linguistic diversity.
- First LSI completed by George Abraham Grierson (1928).
Civil Registration System (CRS):
- Mandatory legal system for birth and death registration.
- Government and private hospitals act as registration authorities.
- RGI recently cautioned hospitals for failing to report timely.
Recent Developments:
- 2023 Digital Census initiative for real-time data, integrating Aadhaar.
- Use of datasets like NFHS-5 to support policies (e.g. Mission Parivar Vikas).
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