Why in News?
The Registrar General of India (RGI) & Census Commissioner of India announced that a pre-test for the Population Census 2027 will be conducted in October–November 2025. This will be India’s first digital census using a mobile app, and the first to enumerate caste post-independence.
Description:
| Aspect | Registrar General of India (RGI) | Census Commissioner of India |
| Position | Registrar General of India | Ex-Officio Census Commissioner of India |
| Established | 1949 (as permanent office under Ministry of Home Affairs) | Same person as RGI, functions ex-officio |
| Ministry | Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) | Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) |
| Rank | Senior civil servant, usually Joint Secretary rank | Same individual (RGI) acts as Census Commissioner |
| Main Function | Collects statistics on population size, growth, and distributionImplements Registration of Births & Deaths Act, 1969Maintains Civil Registration System (CRS)Conducts demographic & linguistic surveys | Conducts decadal Census of India under Census Act, 1948Ensures enumeration of population (housing & population phases)Provides Census data for policy, planning, & governance |
| Legal Basis | Registration of Births and Deaths (RBD) Act, 1969 (amended 2023 for digital portal) | Census Act, 1948 |
| Outputs | Vital statistics, CRS reports, linguistic survey data | Census reports every 10 years (16th Census upcoming, 2024–25) |
| Recent News | Directed states to issue birth certificates at hospital discharge (2025) | 2021 Census postponed to 2024–25 due to Covid & elections |
| Other Notes | Advises govt. on population, fertility, mortality, marriage, etc. | 16th Census will be first digital census with self-enumeration option |
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