Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Why in News?

At the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Defence Ministers’ meet in Qingdao, Rajnath Singh refused to sign the joint communique after Pakistan blocked mention of the Pahalgam terror attack, underscoring India’s stance against double standards on cross-border terrorism.

Description:

1. Formation & Founding Members:
   1. Founded in 2001 in Shanghai by China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
   1. It evolved from the Shanghai Five (1996).
2. Membership:
   1. Currently has 9 full members: China, India, Russia, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran (joined in 2023).
3. Headquarters and Languages:
   1. Headquarters: Beijing, China
   1. Working languages: Russian and Chinese
4. Key Organs:
   1. Council of Heads of State – Highest decision-making body
   1. RATS (Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure) – Based in Tashkent, fights terrorism, separatism, and extremism
   1. Secretariat – Executive body based in Beijing
5. Strategic Significance:
   1. Covers 40% of the world population, 20% of global GDP, and 22% of the world’s land area
   1. Provides a platform for regional security, economic cooperation, and connectivity, and serves as a bulwark against terrorism and drug trafficking.

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