Why in News?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Kartavya Bhavan in Delhi and is likely to visit China for the upcoming SCO Summit in Tianjin (Aug 31–Sep 1), marking his first visit to China in seven years amid improving India-China ties.
Description:
- Founded: 2001 (evolved from Shanghai Five – 1996)
- Founding Members: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
- Headquarters: Beijing, China
- Official Languages: Russian and Chinese
- Core Values: Shanghai Spirit – Mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for cultural diversity
- Current SCO Members (9): China, India (joined in 2017), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan (joined in 2017), Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iran
- (joined in 2023)
- Observers: Afghanistan, Belarus, Mongolia.
- Dialogue Partners: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey
SCO Organizational Structure:
- Council of Heads of State – Highest decision-making body
- Council of Heads of Government – Discusses economic cooperation
- Council of Foreign Ministers – Coordinates foreign policy
- Council of National Coordinators – Manages daily operations
- Secretariat (Beijing) – Executive body headed by Secretary-General
- RATS (Tashkent) – Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
- Business Council – Promotes business links
- Interbank Consortium – Financial cooperation
Significance of SCO:
- Covers 40% of global population, 20% of global GDP, 22% of landmass
- Focus on security, counter-terrorism, economic & energy cooperation
- Conducts joint military drills: “Peace Mission”
- Forum for regional integration, multilateral diplomacy
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