Context:
A private U.S. company’s Mark-0 demonstration reactor has achieved first criticality, marking progress in small modular reactor development. The U.S. plans to promote such advanced nuclear reactors in global markets, including India.
Explanation:
- First criticality means a nuclear reactor has achieved a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction for the first time.
- Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are smaller nuclear reactors are advanced nuclear fission reactors generating up to 300 MW(e) per module designed for factory production, modular deployment and flexible power generation.
- Micro-reactors are even smaller reactors (10-20 MW), useful for remote areas, defence bases, islands and industrial sites.
- Nuclear reactors generate electricity through nuclear fission, where heavy atoms like uranium split and release energy.
- SMRs are seen as useful for clean energy transition, energy security and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
- They may support baseload power, unlike solar and wind which are intermittent.
- Key concerns include nuclear safety, radioactive waste, high costs, fuel supply and regulatory approval.
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