Why in News?
iForest’s analysis shows that using fire counts alone significantly underestimates the extent of stubble burning. Government-reported sharp declines in Punjab and Haryana contrast with satellite-measured burnt area, which shows only a modest reduction.
Description:
- Polar-orbiting satellite — passes over a location intermittently (e.g., every few days); examples: Sentinel (MSI), Suomi-NPP (VIIRS), Terra/Aqua (MODIS).
- Geostationary satellite (SEVIRI) – Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager -stays fixed over one longitude and provides high-frequency observations (minutes), useful for diurnal timing.
- VIIRS & MODIS — sensors widely used for active-fire and burnt-area products; differ in spatial resolution and detection capabilities. VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite). MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)
CREAMS (Consortium for Research on Agroecosystem Monitoring and Modelling from Space):
- Type: An Indian research consortium providing satellite-derived agroecosystem and fire-related data.
- Institutions Involved: Primarily Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and partner institutions.
- Role:
Supplies India’s official fire-count datasets used by the Environment Ministry.
Uses NASA’s MODIS and VIIRS data for monitoring crop-residue burning and agroecosystem changes.
- Importance: Forms the backbone of India’s official stubble-burning statistics, though limited by active-fire detection constraints.
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