Context: Subhash Chandra Bose is frequently in news.
- Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack (Odisha).
- He cleared the Indian Civil Services (ICS) exam but resigned in 1921 to join the freedom struggle.
- He was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress and became its President in 1938 (Haripura Session) and 1939 (Tripuri Session).
- Differences with Mahatma Gandhi led to his resignation and formation of the Forward Bloc (1939).
- He advocated militant nationalism and sought foreign assistance to overthrow British rule.
- Led the Indian National Army (INA/Azad Hind Fauj) with support from Japan during World War II.
- Established the Provisional Government of Azad Hind (1943) in Singapore.
- Popular slogans: “Give me blood, and I will give you freedom” and “Jai Hind”.
- INA fought against British forces in the Imphal and Kohima campaigns.
- The INA trials (Red Fort Trials, 1945–46) generated widespread nationalist sentiment in India.
- Bose is believed to have died in a plane crash in 1945 in Taiwan, though controversy persists.
- His ideology emphasized strong leadership, socialism, and complete independence (Purna Swaraj).
- Contribution remains significant in inspiring mass resistance against British colonial rule.
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